A Few Biographical Details

First Appearance: September 17, 1965, Newcastle, N.S.W., Australia

Citizenship: British/American

Work Address: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721

Education: B.A. (hon) Physics, Oxford University 1987; Ph.D. Astronomy, University of Arizona 1991

Michael Hart's Publication List

Ph.D. Thesis

"Novel Techniques of Wavefront Sensing for Adaptive Optics with Array Telescopes using an Artificial Neural Network," University of Arizona, 1992.

Refereed Publications

  1. W. J. Cocke and M. Lloyd-Hart, "Fermion Wave-Mechanical Operators in Curved Space-Time," Physical Review D, 42, 1982-1987, 1990.
  2. R. Angel, P. Wizinowich, M. Lloyd-Hart, and D. Sandler, "Adaptive Optics for Array Telescopes using Neural-Network Techniques," Nature, 348, 221-224, 1990.
  3. M. Lloyd-Hart, P. Wizinowich, B. McLeod, D. Wittman, D. Colucci, R. Dekany, D. McCarthy, R. Angel, and D. Sandler, "First Results of an on-line Adaptive Optics System with Atmospheric Wavefront Sensing by an Artificial Neural Network," Astrophysical Journal Letters, 390, L41-L44, 1992.
  4. P. Wizinowich, B. McLeod, M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Angel, D. Colucci, R. Dekany, D. McCarthy, D. Wittman, and I. Scott-Fleming, "Adaptive Optics for Array Telescopes using Piston and Tilt Wavefront Sensing," Applied Optics, 31, 6036-6046, 1992.
  5. D. McCarthy, T. Hancock, J. Freeman, B. McLeod, M. Lloyd-Hart, D. Colucci, P. Wizinowich, M. Clampin, D. Golimowski, and S. Durrance, "Infrared Imaging of mu Cas B using Rapid Image Motion Compensation," Astronomical Journal, 105, 652-659, 1993.
  6. M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Dekany, B. McLeod, D. Wittman, D. Colucci, D. McCarthy, and R. Angel, "Direct 75 Milliarcsecond Images from the Multiple Mirror Telescope with Adaptive Optics," Astrophysical Journal Letters, 402, L81-L84, 1993.
  7. M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Dekany, D. Sandler, D. Wittman, and R. Angel, "Progress in Diffraction-Limited Imaging at the Multiple Mirror Telescope with Adaptive Optics," Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 11, 846-857, 1994.
  8. D. G. Sandler, S. Stahl, J. R. P. Angel, M. Lloyd-Hart, and D. W. McCarthy, "Adaptive Optics for Diffraction-Limited Infrared Imaging with 8 m Telescopes," ibid, 925-945.
  9. D. Colucci, M. Lloyd-Hart, D. Wittman, R. Angel, A. Ghez, and B. McLeod, "A Reflective Shack-Hartmann Wave-Front Sensor for Adaptive Optics," Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 106, 1104-1110, 1994.
  10. M. Lloyd-Hart, J. R. P. Angel, B. Jacobsen, D. Wittman, R. Dekany, D. McCarthy, E. Kibblewhite, B. Carter, W. Wild, and J. Beletic, "Adaptive Optics Experiments using Sodium Laser Guide Stars," Astrophysical Journal, 439, 455-473, 1995.
  11. M. Lloyd-Hart, J. R. P. Angel, T. D. Groesbeck, T. Martinez, B. P. Jacobsen, B. A. McLeod, D. W. McCarthy, E. J. Hooper, E. K. Hege, and D. G. Sandler, "First Astronomical Images Sharpened with Adaptive Optics using a Sodium Laser Guide Star," Astrophysical Journal, 493, 950-954, 1998.
  12. M. Lloyd-Hart, M. Cheselka, and R. Hanson, "Verification of a System to Prevent Aircraft Illumination by Adaptive Optics Laser Beacons," Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 111, 1577-1585, 1999.
  13. M. Lloyd-Hart, "Thermal Performance Enhancement of Adaptive Optics by use of a Deformable Secondary Mirror," Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 112, 264-272, 2000.
  14. M. Lloyd-Hart, S. M. Jefferies, J. R. P. Angel, and E. K. Hege, "Wavefront Sensing with Time-of-Flight Phase Diversity," Optics Letters, 26, 402-404, 2001.
  15. S. Jefferies, M. Lloyd-Hart, E. K. Hege, and J. A. Georges, "Sensing Wave-Front Amplitude and Phase with Phase Diversity," Applied Optics IP, 41, 2095-2102, 2002.
  16. L. M. Close, D. Potter, W. Brandner, M. Lloyd-Hart, J. Liebert, A. Burrows, and N. Siegler, "Discovery of a 0".15 Binary Brown Dwarf, 2MASS J1426316+155701, with Gemini/Hokupa'a Adaptive Optics," Astrophysical Journal, 566, 1095-1099, 2002.
  17. M. Lloyd-Hart, "Extending the field of view of an adaptively-corrected telescope by longitudinal pupil displacement," Optics Letters, 27, 1469-1471, 2002.
  18. J. Ge, R. Angel, B. Jacobsen, N. Woolf, R. Fugate, J. Black, and M. Lloyd-Hart, "An Optical Ultrahigh-Resolution Cross-dispersed Echelle Spectrograph with Adaptive Optics," Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 114, 879-891, 2002.
  19. M. Lloyd-Hart and N. Mark Milton, "Fundamental limits on isoplanatic correction with multiconjugate adaptive optics," Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 20, 1949-1957, 2003.
  20. L. Close, F. Wildi, M. Lloyd-Hart, G. Brusa, D. Fisher, D. Miller, A. Riccardi, P. Salinari, D. McCarthy, R. Angel, R. Allen, H. Martin, R. Sosa, O. Montoya, M. Rademacher, M. Rascon, D. Curley, N. Siegler, W. Duschl, "High resolution images of orbital motion in the trapezium cluster: First Scientific Results from the MMT Deformable Secondary Mirror Adaptive Optics System," Astrophysical Journal, 599, 537-547, 2003.
  21. E. K. Hege, S. M. Jefferies, and M. Lloyd-Hart, "Computing and Telescopes at the Frontiers of Optical Astronomy," Computing in Science and Engineering, 5, #6, 42-51, 2003.
  22. L. Close, B. Biller, W. Hoffmann, P. Hinz, J. Bieging, F. Wildi, M. Lloyd-Hart, G. Brusa, D. Fisher, D. Miller, R. Angel, "Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch Star AC Herculis with the Multiple Mirror Telescope Adaptive Optics System," Astrophysical Journal Letters, 598, L35-L38, 2003.
  23. W. M. Liu, P. M. Hinz, W. F. Hoffmann, G. Brusa, F. Wildi, D. L. Miller, M. Lloyd-Hart, M. A. Kenworthy, P. C. McGuire, and J. R. P. Angel, "Adaptive Optics Nulling Interferometric Constraints on the Mid-Infrared Exozodiacal Dust Emission around Vega," Astrophysical Journal Letters, 610, L125-L128, 2004.
  24. C. J. Baranec, B. J. Bauman, and M. Lloyd-Hart, "Concept for a laser guide beacon Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor with dynamically steered subapertures,"Optics Letters, 30, 693-695, 2005.
  25. M. Lloyd-Hart, C. Baranec, N. M. Milton, T. Stalcup, M. Snyder, N. Putnam, and J. R. P. Angel "First tests of wavefront sensing with a constellation of laser guide beacons," Astrophysical Journal, 634, 679-686, 2005.
  26. B. Biller, L. Close, A. Li, J. Bieging, W. Hoffmann, P. Hinz, D. Miller, G. Brusa, M. Lloyd-Hart, F. Wildi, D. Potter, and B. Oppenheimer, "High-Resolution Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Asymptotic Giant Branch Star RV Bootis with the Steward Observatory Adaptive Optics System," Astrophysical Journal, 620, 450-458, 2005.
  27. M. Lloyd-Hart, C. Baranec, N. M. Milton, M. Snyder, T. Stalcup, and J. R. P. Angel, "Experimental results of ground-layer and tomographic wavefront reconstruction from multiple laser guide stars," Optics Express, 14, 7541-7551, 2006.
  28. D. Andersen, J. Stoesz, S. Morris, M. Lloyd-Hart, D. Crampton, T. Butterley, B. Ellerbroek, L. Jolissaint, M. Milton, R. Myers, K. Szeto, A. Tokovinin, J.-P. Veran, and R. Wilson, "Performance modeling of a wide-field ground-layer adaptive optics system," Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 118, 1574-1590, 2006.
  29. C. Baranec, M. Lloyd-Hart, and N. M. Milton, "Ground-layer wave front reconstruction from multiple natural guide stars," Astrophysical Journal, 661, 1332-1338, 2007.
  30. C. L. Matson, K. Borelli, S. M. Jefferies, C. C. Beckner, E. K. Hege, and M. Lloyd-Hart, "A fast and optimal multi-frame blind deconvolution algorithm for high-resolution ground-based imaging of space objects," Applied Optics, 48, A75, 2008.
  31. C. Baranec, M. Hart, N. M. Milton, T. Stalcup, K. Powell, M. Snyder, V. Vaitheeswaran, D. McCarthy, and C. Kulesa, "On-sky wide field adaptive optics correction using multiple laser guide stars at the MMT," Astrophysical Journal, 693, 1814-1820, 2009.

Conference Proceedings

  1. M. Lloyd-Hart, "System for Precise Temperature Sensing and Control of Borosilicate Honeycomb mirrors during Polishing and Testing," Proc. SPIE Conference on Advanced Technology Optical Telescopes IV, ed. L. D. Barr, 1236, 844-852, Tucson, 1990.
  2. P. Wizinowich, M. Lloyd-Hart, and R. Angel, "Adaptive Optics for Array Telescopes using Neural Network Techniques on Transputers," Transputing `91, 1, 170-183, IOS Press,Washington D.C., 1991.
  3. M. Lloyd-Hart, P. Wizinowich, and R. Angel, "A Neural Network Wavefront Sensor for Array Telescopes," Proc. ICO Topical Meeting on Atmospheric, Volume and Surface Scattering and Propagation, 183-186, Florence, 1991.
  4. P. Wizinowich, R. Angel, B. McLeod, M. Lloyd-Hart, D. McCarthy, and I. Scott-Fleming, "An Adaptive Optics System for the Multiple Mirror Telescope," ibid, 69-72.
  5. P. Wizinowich, M. Lloyd-Hart, B. McLeod, D. Colucci, R. Dekany, D. Wittman, R. Angel, D. McCarthy, B. Hulburd, and D. Sandler, "Neural Network Adaptive Optics for the Multiple Mirror Telescope," Proc. SPIE Conference on Active and Adaptive Optical Systems, ed. M. A. Ealey, 1542, 148-158, San Diego, 1991.
  6. M. Lloyd-Hart, P. Wizinowich, D. Colucci, B. McLeod, D. Wittman, R. Dekany, R. Angel, D. McCarthy, M. Rieke, and M. McCaughrean, "High Resolution Imaging at the Multiple Mirror Telescope using Adaptive Optics," Proc. SPIE Conference on Atmospheric Propagation and Remote Sensing, eds A. Kohnle & W.B. Miller, 1688, 442-452, Orlando,1992.
  7. D. Colucci, M. Lloyd-Hart, P. Wizinowich, and R. Angel, "Atmospheric Modeling with the intent of training a Neural Network Wavefront Sensor," ibid, 527-535.
  8. M. Lloyd-Hart, P. Wizinowich, R. Angel, B. McLeod, D. McCarthy, D. Colucci, R. Dekany, and D. Wittman, "Adaptive Optics at the Multiple Mirror Telescope," Proc. Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics Workshop, ed. R. Q. Fugate, 2, 500-510, Phillips Laboratory, Albuquerque, 1992.
  9. M. Lloyd-Hart, D. Wittman, D. Colucci, B. McLeod, R. Dekany, R. Angel, D. McCarthy, and P. Wizinowich, "Sub-Tenth Arcsecond Imaging with the Multiple Mirror Telescope," Proc. ESO Conference on Progress in Telescope and Instrumentation Technologies, ed. M.-H. Ulrich, 42, 493-497, Garching, 1992.
  10. D. Wittman, R. Angel, M. Lloyd-Hart, D. Colucci, and D. McCarthy, "Optical Sensing of Infrared Wavefronts for Adaptive Control: A New CCD Detector and MMT Experiments," ibid, 453-460.
  11. M. Lloyd-Hart, D. Colucci, D. Wittman, B. McLeod, A. Ghez, D. McCarthy, R. Dekany,and R. Angel, "Diffraction-Limited K-band Imaging at the Multiple Mirror Telescope with Adaptive Optics," Proc. SPIE Conference on Active and Adaptive Optical Components and Systems II, ed. M. A. Ealey, 1920, 338-347, Albuquerque, 1993.
  12. R. Dekany, M. Lloyd-Hart, D. Sandler, and R. Angel, "Noise Analysis of Interferometric Piston Phasing for Adaptive Optics with Dilute Pupil Telescopes," ibid, 277-285.
  13. B. Carter, E. Kibblewhite, W. Wild, R. Angel, M. Lloyd-Hart, B. Jacobsen, D. Wittman, and J. Beletic, "Sodium Beacon used for Adaptive Optics on the Multiple Mirror Telescope," Proc. NATO Advanced Summer Institute on Adaptive Optics for Astronomy, ed. D. M. Alloin & J.-M. Mariotti, 205-210, Cargése, 1993.
  14. M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Angel, B. Jacobsen, D. Wittman, E. Kibblewhite, B. Carter, W. Wild, and J. Beletic, "Preliminary Results from a Closed-Loop Adaptive Optics System using a Sodium Laser Guide Star at the Multiple Mirror Telescope," Proc. ICO-16 Satellite Conference on Active and Adaptive Optics, ed. F. Merkle, 95-100, Garching, 1993.
  15. D. Sandler, S. Stahl, R. Angel, M. Lloyd-Hart, and D. McCarthy, "Adaptive Optics for Diffraction-Limited Imaging with 8 m Telescopes," ibid, 509-514.
  16. B. Jacobsen, R. Angel, M. Lloyd-Hart, D. Wittman, B. Carter, E. Kibblewhite, W. Wild, and J. Beletic, "Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics at the Multiple Mirror Telescope," Optical Astronomy from the Earth and Moon, ed. D. M. Pyper & R. J. Angione, ASP Conf. Series 55, 77-81, San Diego, 1993.
  17. M. Lloyd-Hart, B. Jacobsen, R. Angel, R. Dekany, B. Carter, W. Wild, E. Kibblewhite, and J. Beletic, "Measurement of Focus and Off-Axis Anisoplanatism using a Sodium Resonance Beacon and Binary Stars," Proc. SPIE Conference on Adaptive Optics in Astronomy, ed. F. Merkle, 2201, 284-294, Kona, 1994.
  18. M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Angel, B. Jacobsen, D. Wittman, D. McCarthy, E. Kibblewhite, B. Carter, and W. Wild, "Preliminary Closed-Loop Results from an Adaptive Optics System using a Sodium Resonance Guide Star," ibid, 364-372.
  19. B. Jacobsen, T. Martinez, R. Angel, M. Lloyd-Hart, S. Benda, D. Middleton, H. Friedman, and G. Erbert, "Field Evaluation of Two New Continuous-Wave Dye Laser Systems Optimized for Sodium Beacon Excitation," ibid, 342-351.
  20. D. G. Sandler, S. M. Stahl, J. R. P. Angel, and M. Lloyd-Hart, "Adaptive Optics for the 6.5 m Single Mirror Conversion of the Multiple Mirror Telescope," ibid, 407-413.
  21. M. Lloyd-Hart, "Application of Machine Learning to Real-Time Removal of Atmospheric Blurring of Astronomical Images," Proc. Eighth Yale Workshop on Adaptive and Learning Systems, ed. K. S. Narendra, 162-167, 1994.
  22. P. M. Gray, M. Lloyd-Hart, J. R. P. Angel, D. W. McCarthy, Jr., D. G. Sandler, T. Martinez, L. M. Close, G. Brusa, D. G. Bruns, B. A. McLeod, P. T. Ryan, T. D. Groesbeck, D. M. Wittman, B. P. Jacobsen, J. M. Hughes, M. Hunten, and M. Cheselka, "FASTTRAC II near-IR Adaptive Optics System for the Multiple Mirror Telescope: Description & Preliminary Results," Proc. SPIE Conference on Adaptive Optical Systems and Applications, ed. R. K. Tyson & R. Q. Fugate, 2534, 2-16, San Diego, 1995.
  23. L. M. Close, G. Brusa, D. G. Bruns, M. Lloyd-Hart, and D. W. McCarthy, "An Adaptive Beam Combining Mirror for the MMT," ibid, 105-115.
  24. D. G. Sandler, M. Lloyd-Hart, T. Martinez, P. Gray, R. Angel, T. Barrett, D. Bruns, and S. Stahl, "The 6.5 m MMT Infrared Adaptive Optics System: Detailed Design and Progress Report," ibid, 372-377.
  25. N. Woolf, J. R. P. Angel, J. Black, J. Ge, B. Jacobsen, M. Lloyd-Hart, and R. Q. Fugate, "High Resolution Spectroscopy with an Adaptive Optics Telescope," ibid, 423.
  26. E. K. Hege, J. R. P. Angel, M. Cheselka, and M. Lloyd-Hart, "Simulation of Aperture Synthesis with the Large Binocular Telescope," Proc. SPIE Conference on Advanced Imaging Technologies and Commercial Applications, ed. N. Clark and J. D. Gonglewski, 2566, 144-155, San Diego, 1995.
  27. D. G. Sandler, M. Lloyd-Hart, T. Martinez, P. Gray, T. Groesbeck, R. Angel, T. Barrett, D. Bruns, and S. Stahl, "Adaptive optics system for the 6.5 m MMT," Proc. ESO/OSA Topical Meeting on Adaptive Optics, ed. M. Cullum, 54, 49-54, Garching, 1995.
  28. L. M. Close, D. W. McCarthy, G. Brusa, M. Lloyd-Hart, J. R. P. Angel, P. Gray, B. McLeod, T. D. Groesbeck, D. M. Wittman, P. T. Ryan, T. Martinez, J. M. Hughes, M. Cheselka, B. Jacobsen, D. G. Bruns, and D. G. Sandler, "An introduction to FASTTRAC II and the latest results from FASTTRAC I: 0.2" imaging of the Galactic center," ibid, 291-298.
  29. M. Lloyd-Hart and P. McGuire, "Spatio-Temporal Prediction for Adaptive Optics Wavefront Reconstructors," ibid, 95-101.
  30. M. Lloyd-Hart, J. R. P. Angel, D. G. Sandler, T. D. Groesbeck, T. Martinez, and B. P. Jacobsen, "Design of the 6.5 m MMT adaptive optics system, and results from its prototype system FASTTRAC II," Proc. SPIE Conference on Optical Telescopes of Today and Tomorrow, ed. A. Arneberg, 2871, 880-889, Landskrona, 1996.
  31. P. Hinz, M. Lloyd-Hart, K. Hege, D. McCarthy, and F. Melia, "The Double Nucleus of M31 in J, H, and K," IAU Symposium 184, The Central Regions of the Galaxy and Galaxies, Kyoto, 1997.
  32. J. Ge, R. Angel, B. Jacobsen, T. Roberts, T. Martinez, W. Livingston, B. McLeod, M. Lloyd-Hart, P. McGuire, and R. Noyes, "Mesosphere Sodium Column Density and Laser Guide Star Brightness," Proc. ESO workshop on Laser Technology for Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics, 10-15, Garching, 1997.
  33. M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Angel, T. Groesbeck, P. McGuire, D. Sandler, D. McCarthy, T. Martinez, B. Jacobsen, T. Roberts, P. Hinz, J. Ge, B. McLeod, G. Brusa, K. Hege, and E. Hooper, "Final review of adaptive optics results from the pre-conversion MMT," Proc. SPIE Conference on Adaptive Optics and Applications, ed. R. K. Tyson and R. Q. Fugate, 3126, 44-54, San Diego, 1997.
  34. J. C. Shelton, M. Lloyd-Hart, J. R. P. Angel, and D. G. Sandler, "6.5-m MMT laser-guided adaptive optics system: overview and progress report II," ibid, 2-7.
  35. M. Lloyd-Hart, D. G. Sandler, and J. R. P. Angel, "Laser-based adaptive optics system for the 6.5 m MMT," Proc. ESO Workshop on Laser Technology and Laser Guide Star for Adaptive Optics Astronomy, 28-33, Garching, 1997.
  36. T. Rhoadarmer, M. Lloyd-Hart, B. Fitz-Patrick, M. Rademacher, D. Bruns, and C. Shelton, "Thermal characterization of the support plate for the 6.5 m MMT thin-shell adaptive secondary mirror," Proc. SPIE Conference on Adaptive Optical System Technologies, ed. D. Bonaccini and R. K. Tyson, 3353, 826-838, Kona, 1998.
  37. T. Rhoadarmer, P. McGuire, M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Angel, B. Cuerden, B. Fitz-Patrick, and D. Sandler, "Design of the first-generation wave front sensor and actuator geometry for the 6.5 m MMT adaptive-optical system," ibid, 579-590.
  38. M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Angel, D. Sandler, T. Barrett, P. McGuire, T. Rhoadarmer, D. Bruns, S. Miller, D. McCarthy, and M. Cheselka, "Infrared adaptive optics system for the 6.5 m MMT: system status and prototype results," ibid, 82-93.
  39. J. Ge, B. P. Jacobsen, J. R. P. Angel, P. C. McGuire, T. Roberts, B. McLeod, and M. Lloyd-Hart, "Simultaneous measurements of sodium column density and laser guide star brightness," ibid, 242-253.
  40. E. K. Hege, M. Cheselka, M. Lloyd-Hart, P. Hinz, W. F. Hoffmann, J.C. Christou, and S.M Jefferies, "Astronomical results using a physically-constrained iterative deconvolution algorithm," OSA Conference on Signal Recovery and Synthesis, Kona, 1998.
  41. M. Lloyd-Hart, G. Angeli, R. Angel, P. McGuire, T Rhoadarmer, and S. Miller, "Infrared adaptive optics system for the 6.5 m MMT: system status," Proc. ESO Topical Meeting on Astronomy with Adaptive Optics - Present Results and Future Programs, ed. D. Bonaccini, Sonthofen, 1998.
  42. P. C. McGuire, D. G. Sandler, M. Lloyd-Hart, T. A. Rhoadarmer, "Adaptive Optics: Neural Network Wavefront Sensing, Reconstruction, and Prediction," Scientific Applications of Neural Nets, Lecture Notes in Physics Ed. J. W. Clark, T. Lindeman, & M. L. Ristig, (Springer: Heidelberg), 97-138, 1999.
  43. C. Del Vecchio, G. Brusa, D. Gallieni, M. Lloyd-Hart, and W. B. Davison, "Static and dynamic responses of an ultra-thin adaptive secondary mirror," Proc. SPIE Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology, ed. R. K. Tyson & R. Q. Fugate, 3762, 330-340, Denver, 1999.
  44. P. McGuire, T. Rhoadarmer, M. Lloyd-Hart, C. Shelton, M. Lesser, R. Angel, G. Angeli, J. Hughes, B. Fitz-Patrick, M. Rademacher, P. Schaller, M. Kenworthy, F. Wildi, J. Capara, amd D. Ouellette, "Construction and testing of the wavefront sensor camera for the new MMT adaptive optics system," ibid, 269-282.
  45. P. McGuire, M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Angel, Z. Angeli, R. Johnson, B. Fitz-Patrick, W. Davison, R. Sarlot, C. Bresloff, J. Hughes, S. Miller, P. Schaller, F. Wildi, M. Kenworthy, R. Cordova, M. Rademacher, M. Rascon, J. Burge, B. Stamper, C. Zhao, P. Salinari, C. Del Vecchio, A. Riccardi, G. Brusa, R. Biasi, M. Andrighettoni, D. Gallieni, C. Franchini, D. Sandler, T. Barrett, "Full-system laboratory testing of the f/15 deformable secondary mirror for the new MMT adaptive optics system," ibid, 28-37.
  46. M. Langlois, R. Angel, M. Lloyd-Hart, S. Miller, and G. Angeli, "High-order adaptive optics system with a high-density spherical membrane deformable mirror," ibid, 50-57.
  47. T. Rhoadarmer, P. McGuire, J. Hughes, M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Angel, P. Schaller, and M. Kenworthy, "Laboratory adaptive optics system for testing the wavefront sensor for the new MMT," ibid, 161-173.
  48. J. Ge, D. Ciarlo, P. Kuzmenko, C. Alcock, B. Macintosh, R. Angel, N. Woolf, M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Fugate, and J. Najita, "Adaptive optics high-resolution spectroscopy: present status and future direction," ibid, 174-183.
  49. R. L. Johnson, J. R. P. Angel, M. Lloyd-Hart, and G. Z. Angeli, "Miniature instrument for the measurement of gap thickness using poly-chromatic interferometry," ibid, 245-253.
  50. J. Ge, D. Ciarlo, P. Kuzmenko, C. Alcock, B. Macintosh, K. Cook, C. Max, R. Angel, N. Woolf, M. Lloyd-Hart, and J. Najita, "Adaptive Optics High Resolution Spectroscopy: Present Status and Future Direction," Imaging the Universe in Three Dimensions: Astrophysics with Advanced Multi-Wavelength Imaging Devices, ASP Conference Series, ed. W van Bruegel & J. Bland-Hawthorn, 195, 568, 2000.
  51. G. Angeli, B. Fitz-Patrick, M. Lloyd-Hart, and R. Angel, "Design and Realization of Ancillary Control Loops for the MMT Adaptive Optics System," Proc. SPIE Conference on Telescope Structures, Enclosures, Controls, Assembly/Integration/Validation, and Commissioning, ed. T. A. Sebring & T. Anderson, 4004, 202-211, Munich, 2000.
  52. A. Riccardi, G. Brusa, V. Biliotti, C. Del Vecchio, P. Salinari, P. Stefanini, P. Mantegazza, R. Biasi, M. Andrighettoni, C. Franchini, D. Gallieni, M. Lloyd-Hart, P. McGuire, S. Miller, and H. Martin, "The Adaptive Secondary Mirror for the 6.5 m Conversion of the Multiple Mirror Telescope: Latest Laboratory Test Results of the P36 Prototype," Proc. SPIE Conference on Adaptive Optical Systems Technology, ed. P. L. Wizinowich, 4007, 524-531, Munich, 2000.
  53. M. Lloyd-Hart, S. M. Jefferies, E. K. Hege, and J. R. P. Angel, "New Approach to Rayleigh Guide Beacons," ibid, 277-283.
  54. J. R. P. Angel and M. Lloyd-Hart, "Atmospheric tomography with Rayleigh laser beacons for correction of wide fields and 30 m class telescopes," ibid, 270-276.
  55. P. McGuire, T. Rhoadarmer, H. Coy, R. Angel, and M. Lloyd-Hart, "Linear Zonal Atmospheric Prediction for Adaptive Optics," ibid, 682-691.
  56. P. McGuire, M. Langlois, M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Angel, M. Kenworthy, F. Wildi, G. Angeli, B. Fitz-Patrick, S. West, and T. Rhoadarmer, "Measurement of Atmospheric Turbulence with a Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor at the new MMT's Prime Focus," ibid, 713-720.
  57. M. Lloyd-Hart, F. Wildi, H. Martin, P. McGuire, M. Kenworthy, R. Johnson, B. Fitz-Patrick, G. Angeli, S. Miller, and R. Angel, "Adaptive Optics for the 6.5 m MMT," ibid, 167-174.
  58. M. P. Langlois, J. R. P. Angel, and M. Lloyd-Hart, "Prime Focus Coma Corrector for the MMT with `Off the Shelf' Components," Proc. SPIE Conference on Optical and IR Instrumentation and Detectors, ed. M. Iye & A. F. Moorwood, 4008, 950-955, Munich, 2000
  59. M. Lloyd-Hart, J. Georges, R. Angel, G. Brusa, and P. Young, "Dynamically refocused Rayleigh laser beacons for atmospheric tomography," Proc. SPIE Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology II, ed. R. K. Tyson, D. Bonaccini, & M. Roggemann, 4494, 259-270, 2001.
  60. F. Wildi, G. Brusa, A. Riccardi, R. Allen, M. Lloyd-Hart, D. Miller, B. Martin, R. Biasi, and D. Gallieni, "Progress of the MMT adaptive optics program," ibid, 11-18.
  61. R. Angel, M. Lloyd-Hart, K. Hege, R. Sarlot, and C. Peng, "The 20/20 telescope: MCAO imaging at the individual and combined foci," Proc. Conference on Beyond Conventional Adaptive Optics, ed. R. Ragazzoni & S. Esposito, Venice, 2001.
  62. M. P. Langlois, R. Angel, M. Lloyd-Hart, F. Wildi, G. Love, and A. Naumov, "High Order, Reconstructor-Free Adaptive Optics for 6-8 meter class Telescopes," ibid.
  63. M. Lloyd-Hart and N. M. Milton, "Design and expected performance of the 6.5 m MMT MCAO system," Proc. SPIE Conference on Adaptive Optical Systems Technologies II, ed. P. L Wizinowich & D. Bonaccini, 4839, 578-587, 2002.
  64. G. Brusa, A. Riccardi, P. Salinari, F. Wildi, M. Lloyd-Hart, H. Martin, R. Allen, D. Fisher, D. Miller, R. Biasi, D. Gallieni, and F. Zocchi, "MMT adaptive secondary: performance evaluation and field testing," ibid, 691-702.
  65. F. Wildi, G. Brusa, A. Riccardi, M. Lloyd-Hart, H. M. Martin, and L. Close "Towards first light of the 6.5m MMT adaptive optics system with deformable secondary mirror" ibid, 155-163.
  66. M. Lloyd-Hart and N. M. Milton, "Multi-conjugate adaptive optics for a new generation of giant telescopes," Proc. SPIE Conference on Adaptive Optical Systems Technologies II, ed. J. R. P. Angel & R. Gilmozzi, 4840, 18-26, 2002.
  67. R. O. Reynolds, M. Lloyd-Hart, M. P. Lesser, M. A. Kenworthy, and J. Ge, "Progress toward science results with the ACES spectrograph," Proc. SPIE Conference on Instrument Design and Performance for Optical/Infrared Ground-based Telescopes, ed. M. Iye & A. F. M. Moorwood, 4841, 1705-1714, 2002.
  68. M. Lloyd-Hart, G. Brusa, F. Wildi, D. Miller, D. Fisher, and A. Riccardi, "Lessons learned from the first adaptive secondary mirror," Proc. SPIE Conference on Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications, ed. R. K. Tyson & M. Lloyd-Hart, 5169, 79-89, 2003.
  69. N. M. Milton, M. Lloyd-Hart, A. Cheng, J. Georges, and J. R. P. Angel, "Design and expected performance of an MCAO system for the Giant Magellan Telescope," ibid, 238-249.
  70. F. Wildi, G. Brusa, M. Lloyd-Hart, L. Close, and A. Riccardi, "First light of the 6.5-m MMT adaptive optics system," ibid, 17-25.
  71. G. Brusa, A. Riccardi, F. Wildi, M. Lloyd-Hart, H. Martin, R. Allen, D. Fisher, D. Miller, R. Biasi, D. Gallieni, and F. Zocchi, "MMT adaptive secondary: first AO closed-loop results," ibid, 26-36.
  72. C. Baranec, M. Lloyd-Hart, J. Codona, and N. M. Milton, "Sky demonstration of potential for ground layer adaptive optics correction," ibid, 341-348.
  73. R. Reynolds, M. Lloyd-Hart, J. Ge, and J. Bechtold, "Adaptive optics echelle spectrograph for radial velocity studies," Proc. SPIE Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exo-Planets, ed. D. R. Coulter, 5170, 283-291, 2003.
  74. T. Stalcup, J. Georges, M. Snyder, C. Baranec, N. Putnam, M. Milton, R. Angel, M. Lloyd-Hart, "Field tests of wavefront sensing with multiple Rayleigh laser guide stars and dynamic refocus," Proc. SPIE Conference on Advancements in Adaptive Optics, eds. D. Bonaccini, B. L. Ellerbroek, & R. Ragazzoni, 5490, 1021-1032, 2004.
  75. C. Baranec, M. Lloyd-Hart, N. M. Milton, T. Stalcup, J. Georges, M. Snyder, N. Putnam and R. Angel, "Progress towards tomographic wavefront reconstruction using dynamically refocused Rayleigh laser beacons," ibid, 1129-1137.
  76. M. A. Kenworthy, D. L. Miller, G. Brusa, P. M. Hinz, D. L. Fisher, M. Lloyd-Hart, F. P. Wildi, D. W. McCarthy, D. L. Curley, C. Kulesa, P. A. Young, B. D. Oppenheimer, W. Liu, M. R. Meyer, and J. Greissl, "Scientific results from the MMT natural guide star adaptive optics system," ibid, 351-358.
  77. M. Freed, P. Hinz, M. Meyer, N. Milton, and M. Lloyd-Hart, "Clio: a 5 micron camera for the detection of giant exoplanets," Proc. SPIE Conference on Ground-based Instrumentation for Astronomy, ed. A. Moorwood & M. Iye, 5492, 1561-1571, 2004.
  78. G. Chundi, M. Lloyd-Hart and M. Sundareshan, "Training multilayer perceptron and radial basis function networks for wavefront sensing and restoration of turbulence-degraded imagery," Proc. IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, vol. 3, 2117-2122, 2004.
  79. N. M. Milton and M. Lloyd-Hart, "Disk harmonic functions for adaptive optics simulations," OSA Conference on Adaptive Optics: Analysis and Methods, ed. B. Ellerbroek, 2005.
  80. M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Angel, C. Baranec, T. Stalcup, M. Milton, M. Snyder, and N. Putnam, "Development of multi-laser guide star adaptive optics for extremely large telescopes," ibid.
  81. C. Baranec, M. Lloyd-Hart, M. Milton, T. Stalcup, M. Snyder, N. Putnam and R. Angel, "Ground layer wavefront reconstruction using dynamically refocused Rayleigh laser beacons," ibid.
  82. L. Close, B. Biller, W. Hoffmann, P. Hinz, J. Bieging, F. Wildi, M. Lloyd-Hart, G. Brusa, D. Fisher, D. Miller, and R. Angel, "Adaptive Optics Science with the MMT Adaptive Secondary: Mid-IR AO Imaging of the Post-AGB Star AC Her," Science with Adaptive Optics (Proc. ESO), 253, 2005.
  83. J. Scholl, K. Hege, M. Lloyd-Hart, D. O'Connell, W. Johnson, and E. Dereniak, "Evaluations of classification and spectral unmixing algorithms using ground based satellite imaging," Proc. SPIE Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII, eds. S. Shen & P. Lewis, 6233, 28-1, 2006
  84. C. Baranec, M. Lloyd-Hart, N. M. Milton, T. Stalcup, M. Snyder, and R. Angel, "Tomographic reconstruction of stellar wavefronts from multiple laser guide stars," Proc. SPIE Conference on Advances in Adaptive Optics II, eds. B. Ellerbroek & D. Bonaccini, 6272, 03-1 - 03-11, 2006.
  85. M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Angel, N. M. Milton, M. Rademacher, and J. Codona, "Design of the adaptive optics systems for GMT," ibid, 0E-1 - 0E-12.
  86. M. Lloyd-Hart, T. Stalcup, C. Baranec, N. M. Milton, M. Rademacher, M Snyder, M. Meyer, and D. Eisenstein, "Scientific goals for the MMT's multi-laser-guided adaptive optics," ibid, 4J-1 - 4J-9.
  87. D. Andersen, D. Crampton, K. Szeto, S. Morris, M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Myers, J. Stoesz, A. Tokovinin, T. Butterley, N. M. Milton, J.-P. Veran, and R. Wilson, "Modelling a GLAO system for the Gemini Observatory," ibid, 5B-1 - 5B-12.
  88. K. Szeto, D. Andersen, D. Crampton, S. Morris, M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Myers, J. Jensen, M. Fletcher, W. R. Gardhouse, N. M. Milton, J. Pazder, J. Stoesz, D. Simons, J.-P. Veran, "A proposed implementation of a ground layer adaptive optics system on the Gemini telescope," Proc. SPIE Conference on Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy, eds. I McLean & M. Iye, 6269, 58-1 - 58-12, 2006.
  89. D. Fabricant, E. Hertz, W. Brown, B. McLeod, R. Angel, and M. Lloyd-Hart, "A wide-field IR spectrograph for the Giant Magellan Telescope," ibid, 1Z-1.
  90. J. Scholl, K. Hege, M. Lloyd-Hart, and E. Dereniak, "Figure of merit calculations for spectral unmixing and classification algorithms," Proc. SPIE Conference on Mathematics of Data/Image Pattern Recognition, Compression, and Encryption with Applications IX, eds. G. Ritter, M. Schmalz, J. Barrera, & J. Astola, 6315, 0H-1, 2006
  91. J. Scholl, K. Hege, M. Lloyd-Hart, and E. Dereniak, "Hyperspectral feature classification with alternate wavelet transform representations," ibid, 0G-1, 2006.
  92. M. Lloyd-Hart, C. Baranec, N. M. Milton, T. Stalcup, and M. Snyder, "Closed-loop results from the MMT's multi-laser guide star adaptive optics system," Proc. AMOS Technologies Conference, ed. S. Ryan, Wailea, E66-E74, 2007.
  93. C. Baranec, M. Lloyd-Hart, and M. Meyer, "Loki: a ground-layer adaptive optics high-resolution near-infrared survey camera," Proc. SPIE Conference on Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications III, eds. R. Tyson and M. Lloyd-Hart, 6691, 669106-01-669106-09, 2007.
  94. C. Baranec, M. Lloyd-Hart, N. M. Milton, T. Stalcup, M. Snyder, V, Vaitheeswaran, D. McCarthy, and R. Angel, "Astronomical imaging using ground-layer adaptive optics," Proc. SPIE Conference on Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications III, eds. R. Tyson and M. Lloyd-Hart, 6691, 66910N-01-66910N-12, 2007.
  95. N. M. Milton, M. Lloyd-Hart, J. Bernier, C. Baranec, "Real-time atmospheric turbulence profile estimation using modal covariance measurements from multiple guide stars," Proc. SPIE Conference on Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications III, eds. R. Tyson and M. Lloyd-Hart, 6691, 66910B-01-66910B-09, 2007.
  96. M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Angel, R. Green, T. Stalcup, N. Milton, K. Powell, "Multi-laser-guided adaptive optics for the Large Binocular Telescope," Proc. SPIE Conference on Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications III, eds. R. Tyson and M. Lloyd-Hart, 6691, 66910O-01-66910O-14, 2007.
  97. Snyder, M. and Lloyd-Hart, M., "An automated airplane detection system for the safeguard against airplane illumination from the laser guide star beacons at the MMT," Proc. SPIE Conference on Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications III, eds. R. Tyson and M. Lloyd-Hart, 6691, 669109-01-669109-12, 2007.
  98. Stalcup, T., Angel, R., Lloyd-Hart, M., Rademacher, M., "Status of the MMT Observatory Multiple Laser Beacon Projector," Proc. SPIE Conference on Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications III, eds. R. Tyson and M. Lloyd-Hart, 6691, 66910M-01-66910M-11, 2007.
  99. Milton, N. M., Lloyd-Hart, M., Baranec, C., Stalcup, T., Powell, K., McCarthy, D., Kulesa, C., and Hege, E. K., "Commissioning the MMT ground-layer and laser tomography adaptive optics systems," Proc. SPIE Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems, eds. N. Hubin, C. E. Max, and P. L. Wizinowich, 7015, 701522-01-701522-11, 2008.
  100. Rabien, S., Ageorges, N., Angel, R., Brusa, G., Brynnel, J., Busoni, L., Davies, R., Deysenroth, M., Esposito, S., Gaessler, W., Genzel, R., Green, R., Haug, M., Lloyd Hart, M.; Hoelzl, G., Masciadri, E., Pogge, R., Quirrenbach, A., Rademacher, M., Rix, H.-W., Salinari, P., Schwab, C., Stalcup, T., Storm, J., Strueder, L., Thiel, M., Weigelt, G., and Ziegleder, J., "The laser guide star program for the LBT," Proc. SPIE Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems, eds. N. Hubin, C. E. Max, and P. L. Wizinowich, 7015, 701515-01-701515-12, 2008.
  101. Codona, J. L., Kenworthy, M. A., and Lloyd-Hart, M., "A novel WFS technique for high-contrast imaging: Phase Sorting Interferometry (PSI)," Proc. SPIE Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems, eds. N. Hubin, C. E. Max, and P. L. Wizinowich, 7015, 70155D-01-70155D-08, 2008.
  102. Scholl, J. F., Hege, E. K., Hart, M., O'Connell, D., Derenial, E. L., "Flash hyperspectral imaging of non-stellar astronomical objects," Proc. SPIE Conference on Mathematics of Data/Image Pattern Recognition, Compression, and Encryption with Applications XI, eds. M. S. Schmalz, G. X. Ritter, J. Barrera, and J. T. Astola, 7075, 70750H-01-70750H-12, 2008.
  103. Hart, M., Milton, N. M., Baranec, C., Stalcup, T., Powell, K., and Hege, K., "Ground-Layer Adaptive Optics with Multiple Laser Guide Stars," Proc. AMOS Technologies Conference, ed. S. Ryan, Wailea, E17-E26, 2008.
  104. Lloyd-Hart, M., "AO capabilities at the MMT for the user," Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 41, 743, 2009.
  105. Hart, M., Milton, N. M., Baranec, C., Stalcup, T., Powell, K., Bendek, E., McCarthy, D., and Kulesa, C., "Wide field astronomical imaging compensation with multiple laser-guided adaptive optics," Proc. SPIE Conference on Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging, Non-Imaging, and Unconventional Imaging Sensor Systems, ed. S. Rogers, D. P. Casasent, J. J. Dolne, T. J. Karr, and Victor L. Gamiz, 7468B, 2009.

Book chapters

  1. P. C. McGuire, D. G. Sandler, M. Lloyd-Hart, and T. A. Rhoadarmer, "Adaptive Optics: Neural Network Wavefront Sensing, Reconstruction, and Prediction," Scientific Applications of Neural Nets, Lecture Notes in Physics (Springer, Heidelberg, 1999), Eds. J.W. Clark, T. Lindenau, & M.L. Ristig, 97-138, 1999.

Popular Articles

  1. M. Lloyd-Hart and J. R. P. Angel, "Imaging Giant Extra-Solar Planets from the Ground," Optics and Photonics News, 11, #10, 42-46, October 2000.
  2. M. Lloyd-Hart, "Taking the Twinkle out of Starlight," IEEE Spectrum, 40, #12, 22-29, December, 2003.

Technical Digests

  1. M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Dekany, D. Wittman, D. Sandler, B. McLeod, R. Angel, and D. McCarthy, "Results of Adaptive Correction of Atmospheric Piston and Tilt Errors at the Multiple Mirror Telescope," OSA Conference on Adaptive Optics for Large Telescopes, 1992 Technical Digest Series 19, 116-117, Maui, 1992.
  2. D. Sandler, R. Angel, M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Dekany, and D. Colucci, "Toward Good Diffraction Limited Imaging with 8 meter Class Telescopes," ibid, 97-98.
  3. R. Dekany, M. Lloyd-Hart, D. Sandler, and R. Angel, "Real-Time Fourier Transform Image Analysis for Measuring Atmospheric Phase Errors over Large Apertures," ibid, 136-138.
  4. M. Lloyd-Hart, R. Dekany, B. McLeod, P. Wizinowich, D. Colucci, D. Wittman, D. McCarthy, and R. Angel, "Real-time adaptive wavefront correction by an artificial neural network at the Multiple Mirror Telescope," Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, vol. 3, 1398, 1992.
  5. M. Lloyd-Hart, B. McLeod, D. Wittman, D. Colucci, D. McCarthy, R. Angel, and R. Dekany, "High Resolution Imaging with Adaptive Optics at the Multiple Mirror Telescope," Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 24, 1240, Phoenix, 1993.
  6. M. Lloyd-Hart, J. R. P. Angel, B. Jacobsen, D. Wittman, D. McCarthy, and T. Martinez, "Adaptive Optics with Sodium Laser Guide Stars," Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 26, 1373, Tucson, 1995.
  7. J. R. P. Angel, N. Woolf, D. McCarthy, M. Lloyd-Hart, D. Sandler, R. Q. Fugate, and J. I. Lunine, "A Search for Planets of Nearby Stars by Direct Imaging from the Ground," Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 26, 1373, Tucson, 1995.
  8. M. Lloyd-Hart, J. R. P. Angel, D. G. Sandler, P. Salinari, D. Bruns, and T. K. Barrett, "Progress Toward the 6.5-m MMT Infrared Adaptive Optics System," OSA Topical Meeting on Adaptive Optics, 1996 Technical Digest Series 13, 28-30, Maui, 1996.
  9. T. D. Groesbeck, M. Lloyd-Hart, J. R. P. Angel, D. W. McCarthy, Jr., G. Brusa, P. M. Gray, B. A. McLeod, S. Mohanty, T. Martinez, B. Jacobsen, D. M. Wittman, P. T. Ryan, D. G. Bruns, and D. G. Sandler, "Sodium Laser Guide Star Observations with FASTTRAC II," ibid, 31-33.
  10. J. Ge, B. Jacobsen, J. R. P. Angel, N. Woolf, J. H. Black, M. Lloyd-Hart, P. Gray, and R. Q. Fugate, "An Optical Ultrahigh Resolution Spectrograph with Adaptive Optics," ibid, 122-124.
  11. M. Lloyd-Hart and T. Rhoadarmer, "Wavefront Control Optimization using Adaptive Filters," ibid, 268-270.
  12. J. Ge, D. Ciarlo, P. Kuzmenko, C. Alcock, B. Macintosh, C. Max, W. van Breugel, K. Cook, D. Gavel, S. Olivier, H. Friedman, R. Angel, N. Woolf, M. Lloyd-Hart, D. McCarthy, R. Fugate, J. Najita, and J.R. Graham, "Next Generation Ground-based Very High Resolution Optical and IR Spectrographs for Extra-solar Planet Searches," Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 31, Chicago, 1999.

Technical Reports

  1. P. Wizinowich, P. Christophorov, R. Dekany, R. Kupke, M. Lloyd-Hart, B. McLeod, I. Scott-Fleming, T. Trebisky, D. Wittman, and R. Angel, "Adaptive Optics at the MMT," Multiple Mirror Telescope Observatory Technical Memorandum #922, 1992.
  2. T. Gleckler, R. Dekany, M. Lloyd-Hart, and R. Angel, "Advanced Techniques forAdaptive Power Beaming," prepared for NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA Contract H78568B, June 1993.
  3. M. Lloyd-Hart, "Numerical Modeling of Shack-Hartmann Sensor PSFs," prepared for Nikon Corporation, October 1998.